E-books are generally referenced in the same way as other books. The general format provided below refers to a basic one-author e-book.
If you are using an e-book that has multiple authors, includes an edition number, etc., please refer to the appropriate section in this guide. Include information on the format of the resource near the end of the footnote or bibliography entry (including a DOI (Direct Object Identifier - see definition below) OR URL for the on-line version of an E-book), as per the examples below.
If your e-book has no page numbers, use other identifying information for the text you are citing: "Electronic sources do not always include page numbers (and some that do include them repaginate according to user-defined text size). For such unpaginated works, it may be appropriate in a note to include a chapter or paragraph number (if available), a section heading, or a descriptive phrase that follows the organizational divisions of the work. In citations especially of shorter electronic works presented as a single, searchable document, such locators may be unnecessary." (14.22)
General Format
Full Note:
1. Author First Name/Initial Surname, Book Title: Subtitle (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Format, page #.
Concise Note:
2. Author Surname, Book Title, page #.
Bibliography:
Author Surname, First Name or Initial. Book Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher,
Year. Format.
Example 1
Full Note:
1. Hal Hellman, Great Feuds in Science: Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever
(New York: John Wiley, 1998), Net Library e-book, 52.
Concise Note:
2. Hellman, Great Feuds in Science, 52.
Bibliography:
Hal Hellman, Great Feuds in Science: Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever
(New York: John Wiley, 1998), Net Library e-book.
Example 2
Full Note:
1. Elliot Antokoletz, Musical Symbolism in the Operas of Debussy and Bartok (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.001.0001.
Concise Note:
2. Antokoletz, Musical Symbolism.
Bibliography:
Elliot Antokoletz, Musical Symbolism in the Operas of Debussy and Bartok (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.001.0001.
A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique code preferred by publishers in the identification and exchange of the content of a digital object, such as a journal article, Web document, or other item of intellectual property. The DOI consists of two parts: a prefix assigned to each publisher by the administrative DOI agency and a suffix assigned by the publisher that may be any code the publisher chooses. DOIs and their corresponding URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) are registered in a central DOI directory that functions as a routing system.
The DOI is persistent, meaning that the identification of a digital object does not change even if ownership of or rights in the entity are transferred. It is also actionable, meaning that clicking on it in a Web browser display will redirect the user to the content. The DOI is also interoperable, designed to function in past, present, and future digital technologies. The registration and resolver system for the DOI is run by the International DOI Foundation (IDF). CrossRef is a collaborative citation linking service that uses the DOI. Click here to learn more about the DOI.
Example: doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305
If a DOI is listed on an electronic source it is included in the reference. When there is a choice between using a DOI or a URL, it is recommended that a DOI be used.
Reitz, Joan M. "Digital Object Identifier (DOI)." In Online Dictionary for
Library and Information Science. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Accessed June 18,
2023. https://odlis.abc-clio.com/odlis_d.html
This guide is intended to cover only the Notes and Bibliography system for citing books.
For each type of source in this guide, both the general form and a specific example will be provided.
The following format will be used:
Full Note - use the first time that you cite a source.
Concise Note - use after the first time you cite a source.
Bibliography - use when you are compiling the Bibliography that appears at the end of your paper.
Information on citing and several of the examples were drawn from The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.).
Numbers in parentheses refer to specific pages in the manual.
Formatting of papers in Chicago Style:
Citations and bibliographies in Chicago Style:
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